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Compare Kyrgyzstan (2001) - Sierra Leone (2001)

Compare Kyrgyzstan (2001) z Sierra Leone (2001)

 Kyrgyzstan (2001)Sierra Leone (2001)
 KyrgyzstanSierra Leone
Administrative divisions 7 oblastlar (singular - oblast) and 1 city* (singular - shaar); Batken Oblasty, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)

note:
administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*
Age structure 0-14 years:
35.03% (male 841,029; female 823,723)

15-64 years:
58.83% (male 1,369,842; female 1,426,522)

65 years and over:
6.14% (male 110,340; female 181,547) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
44.73% (male 1,190,207; female 1,237,326)

15-64 years:
52.12% (male 1,351,455; female 1,477,155)

65 years and over:
3.15% (male 84,364; female 86,111) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports 50 (2000 est.) 11 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
46

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
6

under 914 m:
32 (2000 est.)
total:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Area total:
198,500 sq km

land:
191,300 sq km

water:
7,200 sq km
total:
71,740 sq km

land:
71,620 sq km

water:
120 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than South Dakota slightly smaller than South Carolina
Background A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, Kyrgyzstan was annexed by Russia in 1864; it achieved independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, expansion of democracy and political freedoms, inter-ethnic relations, and terrorism. Since 1991, civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (well over one-third of the population) many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. A peace agreement, signed in July 1999, collapsed in May 2000 after the RUF took over 500 UN peacekeepers hostage. The RUF stepped up attacks on Guinea in December 2000, despite a cease-fire that it signed with the Freetown government one month earlier. As of late 2000, up to 13,000 UN peacekeepers were protecting the capital and key towns in the south. A UK force of 750 was helping to reinforce security and train the Sierra Leone army.
Birth rate 26.18 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 45.11 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$207.4 million

expenditures:
$238.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues:
$96 million

expenditures:
$351 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital Bishkek Freetown
Climate dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 402 km
Constitution adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Country name conventional long form:
Kyrgyz Republic

conventional short form:
Kyrgyzstan

local long form:
Kyrgyz Respublikasy

local short form:
none

former:
Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form:
Republic of Sierra Leone

conventional short form:
Sierra Leone
Currency Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) leone (SLL)
Death rate 9.13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 19.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.4 billion (2000 est.) $1.28 billion (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador John M. O'KEEFE

embassy:
171 Prospect Mira, 720016 Bishkek

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217

FAX:
[996] (312) 551-264
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph H. MELROSE, Jr.

embassy:
Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[232] (22) 226481 through 226485

FAX:
[232] (22) 225471
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Bakyt ABDRISAYEV

chancery:
1732 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 338-5141

FAX:
[1] (202) 338-5139
chief of mission:
Ambassador John Ernest LEIGH

chancery:
1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263

FAX:
[1] (202) 483-1793
Disputes - international territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area; periodic target of Islamic insurgents from Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan civil war has engendered massive refugee movements into neighboring Guinea and Liberia
Economic aid - recipient $329.4 million (1995) $203.7 million (1995)
Economy - overview Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, and electricity. Kyrgyzstan has been one of the most progressive countries of the former Soviet Union in carrying out market reforms. Following a successful stabilization program, which lowered inflation from 88% in 1994 to 15% for 1997, attention is turning toward stimulating growth. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe since the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995 production began to recover and exports began to increase. Pensioners, unemployed workers, and government workers with salary arrears continue to suffer. Foreign assistance played a substantial role in the country's economic turnaround in 1996-97. Growth was held down to 2.1% in 1998 largely because of the spillover from Russia's economic difficulties, but moved ahead to 3.6% in 1999 and an estimated 5.7% in 2000. The government has adopted a series of measures to combat such persistent problems as excessive external debt, inflation, and inadequate revenue collection. Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. It does have substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources. However, the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Bauxite and rutile mines have been shut down by civil strife. The major source of hard currency is found in the mining of diamonds, the large majority of which are smuggled out of the country. The resurgence of internal warfare in 1999 brought another substantial drop in GDP, with GNP recovering part of the way in 2000. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad.
Electricity - consumption 10.236 billion kWh (1999) 223.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 2.02 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 184 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 12.981 billion kWh (1999) 240 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
6.67%

hydro:
93.33%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Kara-Darya 132 m

highest point:
Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m
Environment - current issues water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 11.8% 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Exchange rates soms per US dollar - 48.701 (January 2001), 47.704 (2000), 39.008 (1999), 20.838 (1998), 17.362 (1997), 12.810 (1996) leones per US dollar - 1,653.39 (January 2001), 2,092.13 (2000), 1,804.20 (1999), 1,563.62 (1998), 981.48 (1997), 920.73 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990)

head of government:
Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIYEV (since 22 December 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; elections last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held November or December 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Askar AKAYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Askar AKAYEV 74%, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV 14%, other candidates 12%; note - election marred by serious irregularities
chief of state:
President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election held 26-27 February and 15 March 1996 (next to be held NA September 2001); note - president's tenure of office is limited to two five-year terms

election results:
Ahmad Tejan KABBAH elected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 59.5%, John KAREFA-SMART (UNPP) 40.5%
Exports $482 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $65 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish
Exports - partners Germany 33%, Russia 16%, Kazakhstan 10%, Uzbekistan 10%, China 6% (1999) Belgium 38%, US 6%, Italy 4%, UK 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kirghiz yurt three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue
GDP purchasing power parity - $12.6 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2.7 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
39%

industry:
22%

services:
39% (1999 est.)
agriculture:
43%

industry:
26%

services:
31% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,700 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $510 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.7% (2000 est.) 4.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 41 00 N, 75 00 E 8 30 N, 11 30 W
Geography - note landlocked -
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
18,500 km (including 140 km of expressways)

paved:
16,854 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
1,646 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
total:
11,300 km

paved:
904 km

unpaved:
10,396 km (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.7%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1997)
lowest 10%:
0.5%

highest 10%:
43.6% (1989)
Illicit drugs limited illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia and Western Europe from Southwest Asia -
Imports $579 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $145 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities oil and gas, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals
Imports - partners Russia 18%, Kazakhstan 12%, US 9%, Germany 8%, Uzbekistan 8%, China (1999) UK 34%, US 8%, Italy 7%, Nigeria 5% (1999)
Independence 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) 27 April 1961 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals mining (diamonds); small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining
Infant mortality rate 76.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 146.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 18.7% (2000 est.) 15% (2000 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) NA 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 9,000 sq km (1993 est.) 290 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Labor force 1.7 million 1.369 million (1981 est.)

note:
only about 65,000 wage earners (1985)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (1999 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total:
3,878 km

border countries:
China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
total:
958 km

border countries:
Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
44%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
45% (1993 est.)

note:
Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
31%

forests and woodland:
28%

other:
33% (1993 est.)
Languages Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian - official language

note:
in May 2000, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an official language, equal in status to Kirghiz
English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Legal system based on civil law system based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005); Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)

election results:
Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; percent of vote by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10

note:
the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
unicameral House of Representatives (80 seats - 68 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 26-27 February 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - SLPP 36.1%, UNPP 21.6%, PDP 15.3%, APC 5.7%, NUP 5.3%, DCP 4.8%, other 11.2%; seats by party - SLPP 27, UNPP 17, PDP 12, APC 5, NUP 4, DCP 3; note - first elections since the former House of Representatives was shut down by the military coup of 29 April 1992
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.46 years

male:
59.2 years

female:
67.94 years (2001 est.)
total population:
45.6 years

male:
42.69 years

female:
48.61 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
99%

female:
96% (1989 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic

total population:
31.4%

male:
45.4%

female:
18.2% (1995 est.)
Location Central Asia, west of China Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea:
200 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Merchant marine - total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,057 GRT/3,498 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces, Border Troops Army
Military expenditures - dollar figure $12 million (FY99) $46 million (FY96/97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1% (FY99) 2% (FY96/97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,203,001 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
1,161,790 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
975,744 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
563,631 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
50,590 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 31 August (1991) Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Nationality noun:
Kyrgyzstani(s)

adjective:
Kyrgyzstani
noun:
Sierra Leonean(s)

adjective:
Sierra Leonean
Natural hazards NA dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Natural resources abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Net migration rate -2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
by the end of 1999 refugees from Sierra Leone are assumed to be returning
Pipelines natural gas 200 km -
Political parties and leaders Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken Socialist Party or Fatherland [Onurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA [Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A. SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; Justice Party [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation [Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [Jumagazy USUPOV]; My Country of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; National Unity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of the Veterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party [leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Poor and Unprotected People's Party [Daniyar USENOV]; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic Revival Party, and Birimdik Party All People's Congress or APC [Edward Mohammed TURAY, chairman]; Democratic Centre Party or DCP [Adu Aiah KOROMA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Amadu M. B. JALLOH]; National Republican Party or NRP [Sahr Stephen MAMBU]; National Unity Party or NUP [Dr. John KARIMU, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Thaimu BANGURA, chairman]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Abass Chernok BUNDU, chairman]; Revolutionary United Front Party or RUFP [Foday SANKOH, chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH, chairman]; United National People's Party or UNPP [John KARIFA-SMART in exile, Raymond KAMARA, acting leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders Council of Free Trade Unions; Kyrgyz Committee on Human Rights [Ramazan DYRYIDAYEV]; National Unity Democratic Movement; Union of Entrepreneurs Trade Unions and Student Unions
Population 4,753,003 (July 2001 est.) 5,426,618 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 51% (1997 est.) 68% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate 1.44% (2001 est.) 3.61% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye) Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel
Radio broadcast stations AM 12 (plus 10 repeater stations), FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)
Radios 520,000 (1997) 1.12 million (1997)
Railways total:
370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

broad gauge:
370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)
total:
84 km used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed

narrow gauge:
84 km 1.067-m gauge
Religions Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5% Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.61 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones

domestic:
principally microwave radio relay; one cellular provider, probably limited to Bishkek region

international:
connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat; connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
general assessment:
marginal telephone and telegraph service

domestic:
national microwave radio relay trunk system, made unserviceable by military activities, is now operating from Freetown to Bo and Kenema (April 2001)

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 351,000 (1997) 17,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 650 (1999)
Television broadcast stations NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997) 2 (1999)
Terrain peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Total fertility rate 3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.) 6.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6% (1998 est.) NA%
Waterways 600 km (1990) 800 km (of which 600 km navigable year round)
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